Chandrayaan-1

Chandrayaan-1 was India's first mission beyond Earth orbit, carrying instruments from ISRO, NASA, and the European Space Agency into a 100 km lunar polar orbit, and releasing an impactor that struck the Moon's surface near the south pole.

Data from its instruments — including NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper — contributed to confirming the presence of water molecules on the lunar surface, a finding that reshaped later lunar exploration, including Chandrayaan-3's own south-pole target.